As a German, I can only say:
The question is really tricky, and would only be fully answered if more came
I am no subject matter expert, just a German citizen who follows what is going on.
Germany as a whole country and nation has not defined its attitude towards refugees.
In our constitution there is the paragraph of political asylum, which is granted to all who are prosecuted due to things like religion, political believes, sexual orientation and so on. For this case, no upper limit has been defined, and nobody has ever seriously challenged this law. Any change of our constitution would need at least a 2/3 majority. Some of the refugees qualify in this category, but the bureaucratic process is long and difficult.
The case which we had more recently, concerns mostly refugees who are fleeing a situation in which their life and safety is threatened, at least temporarily. Take the war in Syria as a prime example, Afghanistan, Irak....
And finally, there are refugees who come for economic reasons, but are often difficult to distinguish from the first groups.
For groups 2 and 3, the government in power, with a simple majority, could put down the rules and, if they want, quotas.
Before the refugee crisis from Syria, Afghanistan, Irak etc., some politicians (mostly the Liberal Democrats FDP) had called for an "immigration law".
Yet others, notable the Christian Social Union, the conservative CSU which runs only in Bavaria, had opposed this (and Merkes CDU, the sister party to CSU with them). They did not want an immigration law, because they did not want to be seen as an immigration country at all.
This is factually wrong, since more people come to Germany than people leave Germany, and the demographics in Germany show a lower birth rate than in China, although China has birth restrictions (about 1.5, right on par with Japan).
So when the immigrants knocked in numbers at our doors, Germany was rather unprepared.
For many years, we had immigrants from the former Soviet Union which who's families had been displaced during the war, but who were of German origin. There was little problems there.
During the war in ex Jugoslavia, we had immigrants coming, some Christian, some Muslim, and it was clear this was a temporary measure. Their numbers were more than 2 million refugees, of which 350.000 came to Germany.
This is to compare with ~1,5 million now, from further away, physically and in culture.
My take on the situation is that Germany took on the brunt of the refugees because
a) that is where most of them wanted to go
b) Germany had no common goal of what to do and what to want
c) the Refugees were there, there was no time for democratic debate.
Mrs. Merkel, born in East Germany, behind the iron curtain with barbed wire and guards who were willing to shoot people who wanted to cross from East to West, could not mount any physical resistance, which would have been a humanitarian night mare at best, and probably impracticable.
She tried to make the best of the situation. After all, after WW II, the rest of Germany hat to integrate many more refugees: More than 10 million in West Germany alone, which counted some 60 million inhabitants in total (50 without the refugees). Compared to 1.5 million now, in relation to 82 million Germans, let's assume the task is feasible.
Let's put it into perspective (note that Germany does not even appear!)
However, the initial "Willkommenskultur" (culture of welcoming) was soon mirrored by staunch resistance.
![第4张图片]( "第4张图片") Today, we can see the numbers quite well: The new extreme right wing Party AfD has ~15% of the votes. Opposition to the refugees is their top topic, which made them big.
The center parties of CDU and SPD have lost to about the same amount. The CSU from Bavaria has conducted a power struggle with the CDU (to which it is almost unsolvable tied forever) to install an "Obergrenze" = upper limit.
After a tiring and endless dispute, CDU and CSU arrived at a "compromise" which does not deserve the name, because it is only a placeholder.
They decided, that &#34;under normal circumstances, they target an upper limit of 200.000 per year&#34;. Everybody familiar with the situation knows, that under normal circumstances, the immigration is << 200.000 anyhow. And what they would do in the renewed case of a surge in migration, is simply left open.
However, it has become obvious that a repetition would not be tolerated, not only by the 15% AfD voters, but also by ~6% CSU (scaled to all of Germany), and also an increasing percentage of Merkel&#39;s own CDU, which is quiet now, but sympathises with AfD (there have been defections already).
One can also see that the big parties are scared by the rise of AfD, and ALL, including CDU/CSU, SPD and FDP, have &#34;discovered&#34; their topic to keep immigration under control, as to not lose further votes to the extreme right.
At the same time, while there are only few new refugees coming now, the society is &#34;digesting&#34; the 1.5 million who came mainly 2015 (16).
Public memory is usually quite short. Today, we hear more about the refugees because politicians struggle over the question, than because of actual signs. In 2015/16, at its height, many would feel immediate consequences, e.g. because the local school gymnasium was used as emergency shelter. Today, the situation has normalized. We hear of the difficulties to send back those who have been identified as pure economic refugees, or of the progress to integrate others into the job market.. But we don&#39;t see anymore the long lines in front of an overwhelmed registration office.
With that, the attitudes of many Germans go back to more &#34;normal&#34; levels (from both extremes).
I hope that with that trend, and unless we are faced with a new surge, the topic will be replaced by other &#34;enormously important&#34; things like the soccer world cup :-)
and tensions will ease.
What worries me most is that politics still has not found a clear guideline of how we would behave, next time around. Given we are not an island like Australia, or pretty much a continent like Canada, it would be wise to have a plan, just in case.
There is no easy answer, as no solution makes everybody happy, or balances perfectly humanity, national interests and feasible policies.
From the feedback to this, and other similar answers, let me add something:
It seems the idea that Germany makes cheap workers come is quite wide spread in China.
It is totally exotic in Germany. Of course we also have all kinds of conspiracy theories around. But This one is not popular. The question is only: Do we want to employ force to keep them out? Or do we accept them in first (and feed and house them), THEN to decide if they can stay or not, based on asylum laws and other possibilities for temporary refugees. No serious discussion if we are trying to ATTRACT them voluntarily.
In that case, why don&#39;t we try to attract people with much higher qualification and wealth?
Why are there ~500.000 foreigners from Asylum countries living in Germany on &#34;Harz IV&#34;, our most basic welfare program? They are unemployed and living at the expense of the tax payer instead of being productive.
Some claimed as proof that those who entered were young men.
Have you take a look at the pictures of the refugees who come? They are young men in a high proportion, it&#39;s true. And when I look at the conditions of their flight, it becomes clear why. It&#39;s just too physical. There are reports that 2017, 3000 drowned in the Mediterranean, another 2000 died on other routes.
Do you really wonder why there are proportionally less old women and babies arriving?
Germany takes on refugees who come.
The &#34;cheap labor&#34; argument is plain wrong. I invite you to check out the employment statistics. If we needed these men: wouldn&#39;t you expect an employment rate of better than 50%?
This statistic (from mid October 2015) shows those with regular job (paying social security) on the left, and unemployed ones on the right. Today, there are many more refugees, but the quota is not really improving. On the contrary: Many appear not as unemployed, because they are following some form of professional training, language class etc.
Besides: When Germany needs cheap labor, we have it at our door steps. First, it was East Germany, then Poland, Hungary and Czech Republic, now it is Romania, Bulgaria. Mind you: we are talking about EU countries here, reachable by Truck, with Christian/European culture background, and today significantly cheaper than China.
No, nobody besides those adept to conspiracy theories believe that somebody deliberately invites / attracts young, poor and mostly little educated mostly mulim men to Germany. |
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