Control(控制): The reduction of disease incidence, prevalence, morbidity or mortality to a locally acceptable level as a result of deliberate efforts; continued intervention measures are required to maintain the reduction(通过人为干预,把某个特定地理范围内的发病率、流行率和致死率都控制在一个相对可以接受的程度,并且需要持续保持干预)Elimination of disease(消除疾病): Reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate efforts; continued intervention measures are required. Example: neonatal tetanus.(在某个特定地理范围内通过人为干预把某种疾病的发病率降为零,并且需要持续保持干预。例如:七日风)Elimination of infections(消除感染): Reduction to zero of the incidence of infection caused by a specific agent in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate efforts; continued measures to prevent re-establishment of transmission are required. Example: measles, poliomyelitis.(在某个特定地理范围内通过人为干预把某种病原体的感染率降为零,并且需要持续保持干预已防止重新出现感染链。例如:麻疹、脊灰)Eradication(扑灭): Permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate efforts; intervention measures are no longer needed. Example: smallpox.(通过人为干预,在全世界范围内永久将某种病原体的感染率降为零,并且不再需要保持干预。例如:天花)Extinction(灭绝): The specific infectious agent no longer exists in nature or in the laboratory. Example: none(在自然环境种和实验室里都不再存在某种病原体)