对文化和世界观的坚守以及对自尊的追求,是人类两个基本的恐惧管理机制。研究发现,亲密关系是自尊与世界观获得的最初且主要来源。[14]依恋理论进一步提出亲密关系有三个核心功能:寻求亲近、反抗分离、安全基地。当婴儿处在一个相对安全的环境下,会把照顾者作为一个重要的探索活动的基地。只有在照顾者身边的时候,才会表现出更多的探索行为,比如玩玩具,而这时其依恋系统处于不被激活,或者处于低激活状态。这种现象称为依恋的“安全基地现象”(secure base phenomenon)。依恋行为是对某个特定对象而言的,如果一个人在儿童需要保护和安慰时给予支持,则他很容易成为依恋对象。当这个依恋对象是可以接触到,而且对婴儿的要求总是作出积极反应的时候,依恋行为可能仅仅是瞅一眼,或者时不时听一听,确认一下依恋对象的位置。[15]
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