原标题：Pandemic Bolsters China’s Position As The World’s Manufacturer
原始链接：https://www.wsj.com/articles/pandemic-bolsters-chinas-position-as-the-worlds-manufacturer-11661090580?mod=pls_whats_news_us_business_f
不需要付费阅读的链接：疫情巩固了中国作为世界制造业的地位 - TechiLive.in
For all the talk in Western capitals of reducing reliance on Chinese factories, China has in the past two years consolidated its position as the world’s dominant supplier of manufactured goods.
尽管西方各国领导人都在谈论减少对中国工厂的依赖，但中国在过去两年中巩固了其作为世界主要工业品供应国的地位。
Though some of China’s gains in global markets may unwind as the effects of the pandemic fade, the trend nonetheless highlights just how hard it is to unplug from the world’s largest factory floor. Such “decoupling,” as it is known in policy circles, is especially challenging as Chinese factories extend their reach into higher-end products like chips and smartphones and new technologies such as electric cars and green energy.
尽管随着疫情影响的消退，中国在全球市场的一些收益可能会有所减弱，但这一趋势凸显了其他国家从世界上最大的工厂车间断开连接是多么困难。这种趋势在政策圈子里被称为“脱钩”，因为中国工厂将其业务范围扩展到芯片和智能手机等高端产品以及电动汽车和绿色能源等新技术，“脱钩”越来越困难。
The U.S. and some of its allies have grown wary of their dependence on China over concerns ranging from national security to the fragility of global supply chains. China has dismissed those concerns, but has its own reason to loosen ties to the West, namely a longstanding challenge of weaning itself off its own perceived overreliance on Western markets and leaning instead on spending at home to propel its economy to new heights.
出于国家安全和全球供应链脆弱性的考虑，美国及其一些盟国对本国对中国的依赖越来越警惕。中国已经驳回了这些担忧，但也希望将自己和西方国家的联系变得松散，目标是摆脱自己对西方市场的过度依赖，转而依靠内需来推动经济增长。
For now, China’s export boom might provide a short-term prop for growth as its economy labors under the government’s zero-tolerance approach to Covid-19 and a deflating property bubble.
就目前而言，中国的出口繁荣可能会为经济增长提供短期支撑，因为政府在执行“动态清零”政策，同时在压制房地产泡沫的影响。
China’s share of global goods exports by value increased over the course of the pandemic, to 15% by the end of 2021 from 13% in 2019, according to data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, which tracks global trade. 根据追踪全球贸易的联合国贸易和发展会议的数据，中国在全球商品出口中的份额在大流行期间从2019年的13%增加到2021年底的15%。
Major competitors’ share of global exports shrank over the same period, suggesting China’s gains came at the expense of others. Germany’s share of global exports fell to 7.3% in 2021 from 7.8% in 2019; Japan’s share declined to 3.4% from 3.7%; and the U.S.’s share slipped to 7.9% from 8.6%. 同期，主要竞争对手在全球出口中所占的份额萎缩，这表明中国的收益是以牺牲其他国家为代价的。德国在全球出口中的份额从2019年的7.8%降至2021年的7.3%;日本的份额从3.7%下降到3.4%;美国的份额从8.6%下滑至7.9%。
China’s quick emergence from the initial shock of Covid-19 in 2020 gave its factories an edge in supplying the West with goods that were suddenly in high demand: low-cost medical equipment such as face masks and testing kits, and consumer goods like computer peripherals and workout gear that Western workers wanted as they settled in for a long spell away from the office.
中国在2020年从武汉新冠疫情的最初冲击中迅速恢复（同时西方工厂受疫情影响效率在家），使其工厂在向西方供应突发需求方面具有优势：中国出口口罩和检测试剂盒等低成本医疗设备，以及西方工人居家工作需求的电脑外围设备和健身装备等消费品。
Generous handouts by governments in the U.S. and other advanced economies to tide workers through the pandemic further turbocharged Western spending. Chinese factories were swamped with orders and China’s share of key exports rose.
美国和其他发达经济体政府为工人渡过大流行而慷慨补助，进一步刺激了西方国家的支出。中国工厂被订单淹没，中国在主要出口产品中的份额上升。
China’s slice of global electronics exports, for instance, increased to 42% in 2021 from 38% in 2019, while its share of textile exports rose to 34% from 32%, UNCTAD data shows. 例如，联合国贸易和发展会议（UNCTAD）的数据显示，中国在全球电子产品出口中的份额从2019年的38%上升到2021年的42%，而其纺织品出口份额从32%上升到34%。
China’s export boom has continued in 2022, defying economists’ expectations for a slowdown as the global economy confronts rocketing inflation, rising interest rates and war in Ukraine.
虽然全球经济面临通胀飙升、利率上升和乌克兰战争，经济学家广泛存在对全球经济放缓的预期，但中国的出口繁荣在2022年继续。
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