2022年关于入加拿大籍的那些事儿
About Canadian citizenship in 2022
随着越来越多的朋友移民到加拿大，其中一部分朋友在考虑加入加拿大国籍时，想要更多了解怎样才能顺利申请入籍。
As more and more people immigrate to Canada, some of them want to know more about how to successfully apply for citizenship when they are considering joining Canadian citizenship.
基于加拿大移民、难民及公民部（英文缩写IRCC或中文简称移民部）对于申请入籍的申请人的要求及一些注意事项，我小结在这篇文章里供各位朋友参考。
Based on the requirements of the Immigration, Refugee and Citizenship Canada (IRCC in English or the Department of Immigration in Chinese) for applicants applying for naturalization and some considerations, I have summarized them in this article for your reference.
要符合申请成为一名加拿大公民的资格，申请人必须满足下面六项要求：
To be eligible to apply to become a Canadian citizen, an applicant must meet the following six requirements.
一、 永久居民状态
I. Permanent resident status
不论申请人的年龄如何，如果打算申请入籍，就必须在加拿大境内拥有合法的永久居民资格，也就是拥有PR枫叶卡。其中“PR身份合法”是指不得：
Regardless of the applicant's age, if you intend to apply for naturalization, you must be a legal permanent resident in Canada, i.e., have a PR maple card. The term "legal PR status" means that one may not.
因移民或欺诈原因接受审查；
有某些与永久居民身份相关的未满足条件；
收到遣返令（加拿大官员要求离开加拿大的命令）
有一点需要注意：即便在合法获得的枫叶卡过期失效后，申请人也依旧可以申请入籍。
Be examined for immigration or fraud reasons.
Have certAIn unmet conditions related to permanent resident status.
Receive a removal order (an order from a Canadian official to leave Canada)
One thing to note: Even after the legally obtained Maple Leaf Card expires, the applicant can still apply for naturalization.
二、 在加拿大居住时间
II. Length of residence in Canada
不论申请人的年龄如何，申请人必须本人在加拿大实际居住至少：
Regardless of the applicant's age, the applicant must have physically resided in Canada for at least.
• 从递交入籍申请之日前的5年内的1095天（3年）
- 1095 days within 5 years from the date of filing the naturalization application (3 years)
此外，在递交入籍申请的日期之前的5年内，申请人在成为加拿大永久居民之前，以临时居民或受保护人士身份在加拿大居住的时间可以50%折算入居留时间，最多可折算1年。换言之，在加拿大完成学业的留学生，在拿到枫叶卡之后，只要再住满2年就有资格申请入籍。
In addition, up to 50% of the time an applicant has lived in Canada as a temporary resident or protected person for up to 1 year prior to becoming a permanent resident of Canada within the 5 years prior to the date of submission of the naturalization application can be discounted into the residence period. In other words, international students who have completed their studies in Canada are eligible to apply for naturalization after receiving their Maple Leaf Card, provided they have lived in Canada for an additional 2 years.
所谓临时居民身份，指的是经合法授权进入并居住在加拿大境内的：
By temporary resident status, we mean a person who is legally authorized to enter and reside in Canada.
游客，访问学者，留学生，持工作签证的人士，获得临时居住许可的人士
所谓受保护人士身份，指的是：
Tourists, visiting scholars, international students, people with work visas, people with temporary residence permits
By protected person status, we mean.
被移民和难民委员会(IRB)认为是需要保护的人士或联合国公约难民
Persons considered by the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB) to be in need of protection or UN Convention refugees
获得IRCC移民部认可的“遣返前风险评估”的人士
Persons who have received a Pre-Removal Risk Assessment (PRRA) approved by the IRCC Immigration Department
备注：Pre-Removal Risk Assessment (PRRA)-遣返前风险评估：对于一个人如果将他或她遣返回到其原籍国将面临迫害、 酷刑、 生命危险或残忍和不寻常的待遇的风险或处罚的全面评估过程。
Note: Pre-Removal Risk Assessment (PRRA) - Pre-Removal Risk Assessment: A comprehensive process of assessing a person's risk of persecution, torture, life-threatening or cruel and unusual treatment or punishment if he or she is returned to his or her country of origin.
对于难民申请人或被包含在其家庭成员的难民申请之内的人士，自难民申请提交之日起的居住时间将不被计算在内，直到获得移民部的认可而成为上文提到的受保护人士才开始计入居住时间。
For refugee claimants or persons included in the refugee claim of their family members, the period of residence from the date of filing of the refugee claim will not be counted until the person is recognized by the Department of Immigration as a protected person as mentioned above.
上述规定不适用于父母或监护人代表18岁以下儿童申请入籍成为公民的情况。
The above does not apply when a parent or guardian applies for naturalization as a citizen on behalf of a child under the age of 18.
即便申请人并未满足最低的居住时间要求，仍可能有资格申请入籍，如果申请人是：
An applicant may still be eligible for naturalization even if he or she does not meet the minimum residency requirement, if the applicant is
公务员（某些类别的政府官员）；
上述公务员的家属
Civil Servants (certain categories of government officials).
Family members of the above-mentioned civil servants
三、个人所得税申报
III. Personal income tax declaration
无论申请人的年龄如何，根据《所得税法》的要求，必须在申请入籍之日前的5年内，在3个纳税年度内完成全部或部分的个人所得税申报义务。
Regardless of the applicant's age, the requirements of the Income Tax Act require that the personal income tax return obligation must be completed in whole or in part within three tax years within the five years preceding the date of application for naturalization.
四、语言要求
IV. Language Requirements
要成为加拿大公民，申请人必须能够使用两种加拿大官方语言（即英语和法语）中的任意一种，进行听、说交流。
To become a Canadian citizen, applicants must be able to communicate in either of the two official Canadian languages (i.e., English and French), both listening and speaking.
如果申请人的年龄处于18至54岁范围，则必须提交证明材料表明申请人达到了入籍所要求的听说交流能力。通常我们知道的是听、说分别要达到CLB4等级，也就是大约雅思4分的水平。关于具体语言证明材料，我会另外用一篇文章专门详细说明。
If the applicant is in the age range of 18 to 54, he/she must submit documentation showing that he/she has achieved the required listening and speaking communication skills for naturalization. Typically, we know that listening and speaking should be at a CLB4 level, which is approximately an IELTS 4. I will devote a separate article to detailing the specific language documentation.
入籍面试官员将通过面试判断申请人的语言听说水平，他们将最终决定是否批准申请人入籍成为加拿大公民。
The naturalization interviewer will determine the applicant's level of language proficiency and will make the final decision on whether or not to grant naturalization as a Canadian citizen.
五、对加拿大了解的程度
V. Level of understanding of Canada
要成为加拿大公民，申请人需要参加入籍测试以达到一个公民的加拿大知识水平要求。申请人将在测试中回答总计20道问题，涵盖加拿大的：
To become a Canadian citizen, applicants need to take a naturalization test to meet the Canadian knowledge level required of a citizen. Applicants will answer a total of 20 questions on the test covering Canada's.
价值
历史
象征
政治体系
公民的权利、责任和特权，例如选举投票和遵守法律
入籍测试是：
Value
History
symbolism
Political System
Rights, responsibilities and privileges of citizens, such as voting in elections and obeying the law
The naturalization test is.
英语或者法语试题；
题目内容取材于《探索加拿大》学习指南；
通常是笔试；
提供给18至54岁的申请人
English or French test questions.
Title content taken from the Explore Canada study guide.
Usually a written test.
Available to applicants aged 18 to 54
六、禁止条款
VI. Prohibition clause
如果申请人在加拿大境内或境外犯罪，则可能在一段时间内没有资格成为加拿大公民。这些禁止条款包括如果申请人：
An applicant may be ineligible to become a Canadian citizen for a period of time if he or she commits a crime in or outside of Canada. These prohibitions include if the applicant.
• 正在加拿大境外服刑
- Serving a sentence outside of Canada
• 正在加拿大服刑、或处于假释或者缓刑状态
- Serving a sentence in Canada, or on parole or probation
• 正在被指控、受审或涉及到上诉的：
- Being charged, on trial or involved in an appeal.
◦ 在加拿大境内的可诉罪行 （这是比较严重的罪行，包括超过5000加元的盗窃、强闯私宅、严重的性侵犯和谋杀。最高刑罚各不相同，包括终身监禁，另一些则处罚相对较轻）
◦ Indictable offences in Canada (These are the more serious offences and include theft over $5,000, breaking and entering a private home, aggravated sexual assault, and murder. Maximum penalties vary, including life imprisonment, while others carry relatively lesser penalties)
◦ 加拿大境外的犯罪行为
◦ Offences outside Canada
• 在申请入籍之前的4年里被判有罪
- Convicted of a crime in the four years prior to applying for naturalization
◦ 在加拿大境内的可诉罪行 （这是比较严重的罪行，包括超过5000加元的盗窃、强闯私宅、严重的性侵犯和谋杀。最高刑罚各不相同，包括终身监禁，另一些则处罚相对较轻）
◦ Indictable offences in Canada (These are the more serious offences and include theft over $5,000, breaking and entering a private home, aggravated sexual assault, and murder. Maximum penalties vary, including life imprisonment, while others carry relatively lesser penalties)
◦ 加拿大境外的犯罪行为
◦ Offences outside Canada
服刑、假释或缓刑的时间不计入申请人在加拿大居住的时间。
Time spent serving a sentence, parole or probation does not count towards the applicant's time spent in Canada.
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