成为millionaire的最大阻碍是什么?没有高薪工作?还是没有自己的企业?No No No。我认为最大的阻碍是离婚的风险。其实很好理解,如果你有200万净资产,离婚分一半你还剩下100万。可是如果你有100万净资产,离婚后就只剩下50万了。
大家都知道新加坡婚姻法叫做《妇女宪章》,它有多偏袒妇女呢?下面的例子可以窥见一二。
2019年的事情[4]:丈夫买彩票中大奖了,离婚时法官判决彩票应该分一半给前妻,因为彩票的奖金被用来还房贷,所以是夫妻共同财产。换句话说,如果这个好男人当年天天拿着奖金PC,反而不用把奖金分一半给前妻了,因为PC是“benefit only himself”,把我雷的不要不要的。
He ruled that it might be different if the husband could have shown that he bought the ticket with a view to benefit only himself, and not with the view that the family “as a whole” should benefit from such winnings, such as in cases where parties kept their assets and finances separate throughout their marriage.
新闻里还有一句话,我虽然没有找到官方背书,但是CPF和SRS大概率属于个人财产,不会被分割。
Lottery winnings are different from Central Provident Fund (CPF) savings, for example, which are the fruits of one’s labour, and therefore a contribution.
所以millionaire的第一步:把CPF和SRS充足,越高越好。CPF和SRS都是为了退休准备的账户,都得临近退休才能取出来,所以姑且算是为了保障自己的资产而牺牲一部分流动性了吧。规划得当的话,40岁CPF有77万新币(57万美金)[5],SRS大约有21万新币(15万美金)[6]。
我无意引导大家去仇视自己的另一半,好的婚姻需要经营,经营的好就会有1+1大于2的甜蜜。川建国同志(除了美国总统,他也是美国地产大亨)和Sam Zell(美国最大的地产商)都说过:protect the downside。那么这72万美金就是你自己的bedrock(压箱石)。
成为millionaire的第二步就是高薪工作(基于现在市场,年薪大约15万新币),其中一个重要的原因是高薪工作才可以让你每年都能轻松满额缴纳CPF和SRS。至于如何拥有高薪工作,这不是本文的重点。只是提醒已经有高薪的同学不要过于emo,毕竟工作上和他人难免有摩擦,切忌冲动离职,谁和钱过不去呢。下大棋,下大棋!
第三步是每个人都要经历的,买房子还房贷。自住房大多数情况下是共同财产,无论是谁出的钱写谁的名字,伟大的《妇女宪章》还是会“公平”地一分为二的,而且自住房属于负债(我之前的文章详细论述过),所以买自住房还是要量入为出。假设32岁买85万新币的resale HDB,贷款63.75万新币,利率2%,房子每年涨1.4%,那么40岁时房子市值95万新币,剩余贷款50万新币[7],房屋净资产45万新币,“公平”地除以2,每人22.5万新币,合计16.7万美金。
第四步是我个人的一个小偏好吧,30岁到40岁,陆续总共投入4.5万美金定投美股(SP500)或者全球指数(ISAC),按照年化10%的收益率,十年下来市值达到8万美金不成问题。
第五步就是现金。任何一个资产组合都需要现金的存在,无论是紧急资金还是定期存款又或者是国债。我觉得经过十年的工作,手里有3万美金的现金没有太大问题吧。(当然妇女宪章有可能会认为这是共同财产,who knows) 57(CPF)+15(SRS)+16.7(自住房)+8(美股)+3(现金)=99.7万美金。millionaire达到。
接下来我要分析一下这个资产组合的好坏,引用下面这篇文章。这篇文章一共说了8个比例,我只选取相关的5个。下文会有大量英文出现,不好意思。
#1: Liquidity Ratio
Also known as an emergency fund ratio, this ratio refers to your ability to sustain your monthly expenses with your current liquid or cash reserves. It indicates how many months you can continue paying your fixed expenses, should you lose your current source(s) of income.
Monetary assets are the most liquid of assets. They can be quickly converted to cash with little to no loss of principal. These include your cash or cash-equivalent securities like fixed deposits, cash management accounts and Singapore Savings Bond (SSBs). Experts usually recommend having at least 6 months’ worth of expenses as monetary assets to cover any emergency needs.
#2 Liquid Asset To Net Worth
Liquid Asset to Net Worth = (Cash / Net Worth)
衡量你的投资平衡与否,避免出现asset rich cash poor和太过于保守的两极状态。百万资产在这一项是不合格的,除了3万美金,房子不容易卖,CPF和SRS退休前取不出来,美股需要割肉离场。这是一个定时炸弹。
This ratio measures the percentage of your assets that isin the form of cash or cash equivalents. This number can also determine if you are in an “asset-rich, cash-poor” position. Having a high liquidity ratio ensures you have a bigger buffer against temporary loss of income. However, if your liquidity ratio is too high, you may potentially be keeping too much of your assets in cash and not enough in investments.
Ideally, you should have at least 15% of your net worth in liquid assets or assets that can be easily converted into cash. This can be used to cover short-term debt obligations or other emergency scenarios where you’ll need to raise funds quickly.
#3: Debt To Asset Ratio
Debt to Asset Ratio = (Total Liabilities / Total Assets)
衡量负债率,避免杠杆拉的太高。100万美金的净资产,25万新币的房贷(一人一半),很安全。
Also known as the Personal Gearing Ratio, this ratio measures how much of your assets are financed by debt. In turn, it also highlights your ability to borrow. As a rule of thumb, you should have no more than 50% of your assets leveraged through debt. Having a high debt ratio means having a high debt level which may expose you to greater risks when interest rates rise.
#4 Net Investment Assets To Net Worth Ratio
Net Investment Assets to Net Worth Ratio = Total Invested Assets / Net Worth
衡量你的钱为你工作的拼命与否。百万资产剔除自住房还剩下84万美金,按照50%的比例,需要有42万美金投入股市债市等,其中美股8万美金,SRS15万美金,我需要把CPF OA中的20万美金投入股市(目前最好的办法是通过robo advisor)。
This ratio measures how much of your net worth is invested in assets (excluding place of residence) and whether they are deployed efficiently to income generating asset classes. In short, it reveals you how well you’re using your money to work harder for you. We should be looking to accumulate investment assets throughout our life. These include stocks, bonds, unit trust, endowments or even robo-advisor funds. Aim to have at least 50% of your assets invested in some form of capital to put you in good stead for your retirement years.
#5 Solvency Ratio
Solvency Ratio = Total Net Worth / Total Assets
衡量破产能力吧,也就是变卖所有资产可以完全覆盖负债,百万资产在这一项绝对没有问题。
This ratio measures if you have the means to cover all your liabilities using your existing assets. (To calculate net worth, subtract your liabilities – debts- from your assets.) We sometimes acquire assets by taking on debt – At times, this amount of debt could exceed the amount of assets. Simply put, we calculate the solvency ratio to gauge our risk of getting bankrupt due to our inability to pay the debts taken. The higher the solvency ratio, the stronger your financial position.