“不改夫姓”不仅是对于日本现存法律的质疑，也是对于其传统文化的挑战。
根据彭博社报道，日本的女性正在经历一场身份危机。她们正在努力推翻禁止已婚夫妇使用不同姓氏的法律，因为该法律对已有工作和职业声誉的女性带来了一系列麻烦。
事件回顾：
About 600,000 Japanese couples wed every year. The law says that after marriage a couple must have the same surname. Technically, men may take their wives' family name. Yet in practice, only about 4% do. Some women say they feel like they’re wiping away their identity after getting married.
每年约有60万日本夫妇结婚。根据法律规定，婚后夫妻必须拥有相同的姓氏。理论上说，男性也可以用妻子的姓氏。然而在实际生活中，只有约4%的人才会这样做。一些女性表示，这让她们觉得在婚后被抹去了自己的身份。
“Being forced to change your name is nothing more than a violation of human rights,” sAId Miki Haga, 29, who is planning to study in the U.K. this year. She legally became Miki Ishizawa two years ago when her husband didn’t want to change his name.
“被迫改变你的名字就是对于人权的侵犯，”29岁的羽贺美纪表示。她计划今年在英国学习。两年前，当她的丈夫不想改名时，她按照法律成为了石泽美纪。
(via Bloomberg)
女性为自己争取权利和地位的浪潮，似乎正在日本的兴起。“不改夫姓”不仅是对于日本现存法律的质疑，也是对于其传统文化的挑战。
（图片viaPeterOumanski）
所以，日本女性如今的社会地位是怎样的呢？
来听听媒体和网友的说法……
@Evar Dion: Women in Japan may bemore content with just being a house wife. Japanese men may expect their wife to stop working after having a baby.
（via Quora）
日本女性对于做一名家庭主妇会更加满意。日本男性会希望他的妻子在生孩子以后停止工作。
@Brook Larmer：...nearly impossible for women to advance acareer while raising a family. Japanese women are still expected to do the vast majority of unpaid labor. How can they also keep up with the punishingly long hours and bonding over evening drinks that companies often require of their employees?
（via the New York Times Magazine）
日本女性……在照料家庭的同时几乎不可能进入职场。日本女性仍会从事绝大多数的无偿劳动（指做家务）。毕竟，公司要求员工长时间工作，这令人筋疲力尽，晚上还得喝上几杯酒来“增进感情”，她们又怎么能应付得了呢?
The surname issue is only one of a number of ways Japan lags behind on gender. Japan has the third-highest gender-pay gap among Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries.
改夫姓问题只是日本在性别问题上落后的一种体现方式。在经济合作与发展组织国家中的性别与工资差距榜单上，日本位居第三。
Women are poorly represented in business and politics. They hold only 4% of managerial positions, 2% of seats on board sof directors and about 10% of the seats in the lower house. The #MeToo movemen thas had difficulty gaining traction.
在商界和政界，日本女性所占的比例也都很低。她们只占4％的管理职位，2％的董事会席位和约10％的众议院席位。而（反性骚扰的）“我也是”运动也难以在日本国内获得推动力。
那么，在整个世界范围内对于嫁娶后改姓相关的文化和法律又有哪些呢？
Assuming the husband's surname remains common practice today in the United Kingdom (although there is no law that states the name must be changed) and in other countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Gibraltar, Falkland Islands, Ireland, India, Philippines, the English-speaking provinces of Canada and the United States.
在今天的英国（虽然没有法律规定必须更改名称）和如澳大利亚，新西兰，巴基斯坦，英属直布罗陀，福克兰群岛，爱尔兰，印度，菲律宾，美国及加拿大的英语区都有这样的习惯。
Korea：Traditionally, Korean women keep their family names after their marriage, but their children take the father's surname. In the premodern, patriarchal Korean society, people were extremely conscious offamilial values and their own family identities. Korean women keep their surnames after marriage based on traditional reasoning that it is what they inherited from their parents and ancestors.
韩国：传统上，韩国妇女在结婚后保留原姓氏，但他们的孩子则取父亲的姓氏。在前现代父权制的韩国社会中，人们极其关注家庭价值观和自己的家庭身份。根据约定俗成，韩国女性在婚后保留姓氏，也是她们从父母和祖先那里沿袭下来的传统。
Germany：In Germany, since 1977, a woman may adopt her husband's surname or a man may adopt his wife's surname. One of them may use a name combined from both surnames. The remaining single name is the "family name" (Ehename), which will be the surname of the children. If a man and woman both decide to keep and use their birth names after the wedding (nocombined name), they have to declare one of those names the "family name".
德国：在德国，自1977年以来，女性可以采用其丈夫的姓氏，或者男性可以采用妻子的姓氏。他们的其中一个也可以使用两个姓氏组合的名称（组合名称）。剩下的单个名字就是“家庭姓氏”（Ehename），它将是孩子的姓氏。如果夫妻双方都决定在婚后保留和使用他们的出生姓名（没有组合名称），他们必须声明其中一个名字是“家庭姓氏”。
(via Wikipedia)
由以上内容可知，一些欧美国家“改夫姓”的文化和习俗。现在，让我们看看婚后改夫姓的女明星案例。
改夫姓：
Kim Kardashian > Kim Kardashian West
Kim Kardashian rose to fame because of her last name, so ditching it entirely would be insanity. But the reality star added West onto her official name for good measure—though people still refer to her as Kim Kardashian.
金·卡戴珊因姓氏而名声大噪，所以完全放弃它是不理智的。但这位真人秀明星将韦斯特（她丈夫的姓氏为韦斯特）加入了她的正式名称——尽管人们仍称她为金卡戴珊。
Amal Alamuddin> Amal Clooney
Amal Alamuddin changed her last name after marrying George Clooney, which sparked quite the online controversy among people who believe the practice is outdated. Yeah, it would have been amazing if George had changed his name to Alamuddin.
Amal Alamuddin在与George Clooney结婚后更改了她的姓氏，这在网上引起了争议，许多人认为“改姓”这种做法已经过时。不过呢，如果乔治将自己的名字改为Alamuddin，那将会非常令人震惊。
Victoria Adams> Victoria Beckham
Before there was Victoria Beckham, there was Posh Spice, and before there was Posh Spice, there was Victoria Adams. The Spice Girl changed her last name after marrying footballer David Beckham, and hasn't looked back. Now, the name is eponymous with her entire brand.
在维多利亚·贝克汉姆之前，有Posh Spice。在有Posh Spice之前，有维多利亚·亚当斯。“辣妹”在与足球运动员大卫贝克汉姆结婚后更改了她的姓氏，并且没有后悔。现在，她的整个品牌都以这个名字命名。(via instyle)
看完了以上的内容，你对于婚后改夫姓有什么看法呢？
文：Yun
资料、图片：Bloomberg，the New York Times Magazine，Quora，Wikipedia，instyle，网络
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